Jelly-SPARQL benchmarks

The following results were obtained by benchmarking Jelly-JVM 4.0.0 against the SPARQL query results formats built into Apache Jena and Eclipse RDF4J. For RDF serialization, see Jelly-RDF benchmarks.

The charts are interactive – hover over them for details.

Benchmark setup

The same datasets, hardware, software, and method were used as in the Jelly-RDF benchmarks. Each of the 13 datasets was turned into a single SPARQL result set with one row per statement. Throughput is given in cells (bound values) per second.

Tested methods

• SPARQL Query Results XML Format (SRX) (Apache Jena, Eclipse RDF4J)
• SPARQL Query Results JSON Format (SRJ) (Apache Jena, Eclipse RDF4J)
• SPARQL Query Results TSV Format (Apache Jena, Eclipse RDF4J)
  • CSV was not tested, because it does not preserve datatypes or language tags.
• Jena's binary result formats, Protobuf and Thrift (Apache Jena)
• RDF4J Binary query results format (Eclipse RDF4J)
• Jelly-SPARQL (Jelly-JVM 4.0.0, "big" preset)

  max_name_table_size = 8192;
  max_prefix_table_size = 1024;
  max_datatype_table_size = 64;
  

Results

Throughput

Throughput, geometric mean over 10 datasets. Log scale.

• ‡ RDF4J's TSV parser runs on a thread pool, so this uses more than one core

Data behind this chart

Library	Operation	Format	Throughput (cells/s, geomean)	Slowest dataset	Fastest dataset	Datasets	Notes
Jena	Write	Jelly	52,217,610	34,983,118	88,078,294	10
Jena	Write	Protobuf	10,866,965	9,408,292	11,802,522	10
Jena	Write	Thrift	7,268,828	7,036,275	7,539,220	10
Jena	Write	TSV	6,861,730	5,761,386	7,741,210	10
Jena	Write	SRX (XML)	412,878	379,967	453,164	10
Jena	Write	SRJ (JSON)	265,040	241,616	299,703	10
RDF4J	Write	Jelly	37,725,096	27,200,163	51,568,049	10
RDF4J	Write	TSV	16,442,586	12,253,662	18,773,349	10
RDF4J	Write	Binary	13,198,234	10,890,497	15,795,293	10
RDF4J	Write	SRJ (JSON)	7,021,869	6,134,742	7,612,665	10
RDF4J	Write	SRX (XML)	1,318,474	1,290,878	1,376,278	10
Jena	Read	Jelly	92,863,196	51,764,198	139,279,345	10
Jena	Read	Protobuf	5,930,334	5,385,549	6,982,672	10
Jena	Read	SRJ (JSON)	5,555,432	5,044,070	6,206,007	10
Jena	Read	Thrift	5,543,319	5,311,628	5,684,636	10
Jena	Read	TSV	3,899,450	2,922,292	4,767,016	10
Jena	Read	SRX (XML)	2,656,884	2,329,777	2,898,227	10
RDF4J	Read	Jelly	88,652,413	62,005,604	116,655,101	10
RDF4J	Read	Binary	25,655,351	20,774,522	32,700,979	10
RDF4J	Read	SRJ (JSON)	5,766,285	5,215,995	6,164,246	10
RDF4J	Read	TSV	4,034,707	3,647,192	4,977,366	10	‡
RDF4J	Read	SRX (XML)	2,664,660	2,392,562	2,827,875	10

Throughput and serialized size

Serialized size (uncompressed) against throughput, geometric mean over 10 datasets. Log scale. Top left is better.

• ‡ RDF4J's TSV parser runs on a thread pool, so this uses more than one core

Data behind this chart

Library	Operation	Format	Throughput (cells/s, geomean)	Size (bytes/row, raw)	zstd	Notes
Jena	Write	Jelly	52,217,610	21.2	3.58
Jena	Write	TSV	6,861,730	216.9	8.4
Jena	Write	Thrift	7,268,828	226.3	8.53
Jena	Write	Protobuf	10,866,965	229.3	7.88
Jena	Write	SRJ (JSON)	265,040	382.4	8.99
Jena	Write	SRX (XML)	412,878	442.5	9.21
RDF4J	Write	Jelly	37,725,096	21.2	3.58
RDF4J	Write	Binary	13,198,234	61.6	4.38
RDF4J	Write	TSV	16,442,586	216.8	8.41
RDF4J	Write	SRX (XML)	1,318,474	405.7	9.06
RDF4J	Write	SRJ (JSON)	7,021,869	477.8	9.36
Jena	Read	Jelly	92,863,196	21.2	3.58
Jena	Read	TSV	3,899,450	216.9	8.4
Jena	Read	Thrift	5,543,319	226.3	8.53
Jena	Read	Protobuf	5,930,334	229.3	7.88
Jena	Read	SRJ (JSON)	5,555,432	382.4	8.99
Jena	Read	SRX (XML)	2,656,884	442.5	9.21
RDF4J	Read	Jelly	88,652,413	21.2	3.58
RDF4J	Read	Binary	25,655,351	61.6	4.38
RDF4J	Read	TSV	4,034,707	216.8	8.41	‡
RDF4J	Read	SRX (XML)	2,664,660	405.7	9.06
RDF4J	Read	SRJ (JSON)	5,766,285	477.8	9.36

Throughput per dataset

Throughput on each dataset, in cells/s.

• † not lossless on this dataset; left out of averages
• ‡ RDF4J's TSV parser runs on a thread pool, so this uses more than one core
• § the 3 sweeps differ by more than 10%

Data behind this chart

Library	Operation	Dataset	Format	Throughput (cells/s, median)	Run min	Run max	Notes
Jena	Write	assist-iot-weather	Jelly	61,558,463	60,596,766	62,002,836
Jena	Write	assist-iot-weather	Protobuf	11,523,023	11,185,780	11,583,059
Jena	Write	assist-iot-weather	SRJ (JSON)	274,876	272,548	276,890
Jena	Write	assist-iot-weather	SRX (XML)	430,325	427,355	431,070
Jena	Write	assist-iot-weather	TSV	7,228,102	7,201,018	7,275,331
Jena	Write	assist-iot-weather	Thrift	7,220,473	7,208,326	7,232,812
Jena	Write	assist-iot-weather-graphs	Jelly	88,078,294	87,133,932	92,395,600
Jena	Write	assist-iot-weather-graphs	Protobuf	11,802,522	11,769,888	11,961,929
Jena	Write	assist-iot-weather-graphs	SRJ (JSON)	285,396	280,793	286,328
Jena	Write	assist-iot-weather-graphs	SRX (XML)	452,260	449,849	455,173
Jena	Write	assist-iot-weather-graphs	TSV	7,741,210	7,679,681	7,745,206
Jena	Write	assist-iot-weather-graphs	Thrift	7,521,851	7,332,840	7,544,066
Jena	Write	citypulse-traffic	Jelly	52,679,796	51,954,926	54,946,577
Jena	Write	citypulse-traffic	Protobuf	10,523,815	10,495,943	11,874,343	§
Jena	Write	citypulse-traffic	SRJ (JSON)	243,055	242,096	250,711
Jena	Write	citypulse-traffic	SRX (XML)	381,411	373,248	391,501
Jena	Write	citypulse-traffic	TSV	6,612,624	6,595,762	6,636,721
Jena	Write	citypulse-traffic	Thrift	7,189,206	7,171,605	7,224,029
Jena	Write	citypulse-traffic-graphs	Jelly	59,687,057	56,013,171	62,835,226	§
Jena	Write	citypulse-traffic-graphs	Protobuf	10,623,585	10,615,766	10,659,872
Jena	Write	citypulse-traffic-graphs	SRJ (JSON)	241,616	239,519	241,940
Jena	Write	citypulse-traffic-graphs	SRX (XML)	379,967	377,796	385,628
Jena	Write	citypulse-traffic-graphs	TSV	6,187,203	6,059,199	6,187,436
Jena	Write	citypulse-traffic-graphs	Thrift	7,446,069	7,430,984	7,457,732
Jena	Write	dbpedia-live	Jelly	24,886,127	24,815,747	26,121,596
Jena	Write	dbpedia-live	Protobuf	10,217,754	10,071,722	10,223,249
Jena	Write	dbpedia-live	SRJ (JSON)	295,133	295,038	297,686
Jena	Write	dbpedia-live	SRX (XML)	456,854	456,343	463,178
Jena	Write	dbpedia-live	TSV	8,678,187	8,643,624	8,683,920
Jena	Write	dbpedia-live	Thrift	6,796,198	6,643,750	6,826,386
Jena	Write	digital-agenda-indicators	Jelly	72,332,051	70,262,879	72,506,795
Jena	Write	digital-agenda-indicators	Protobuf	10,711,662	10,549,073	10,784,051
Jena	Write	digital-agenda-indicators	SRJ (JSON)	232,680	230,716	233,557
Jena	Write	digital-agenda-indicators	SRX (XML)	373,661	371,641	374,230
Jena	Write	digital-agenda-indicators	TSV	5,842,948	5,825,007	5,852,640
Jena	Write	digital-agenda-indicators	Thrift	7,306,576	7,209,943	7,334,722
Jena	Write	linked-spending	Jelly	48,818,807	48,779,338	49,785,981
Jena	Write	linked-spending	Protobuf	9,408,292	9,401,996	9,938,336
Jena	Write	linked-spending	SRJ (JSON)	246,310	245,972	246,331
Jena	Write	linked-spending	SRX (XML)	386,766	385,060	389,995
Jena	Write	linked-spending	TSV	5,761,386	5,743,828	5,793,710
Jena	Write	linked-spending	Thrift	7,175,932	7,150,629	7,176,484
Jena	Write	lod-katrina	Jelly	48,756,548	48,085,705	49,316,220
Jena	Write	lod-katrina	Protobuf	10,830,379	10,783,696	11,030,530
Jena	Write	lod-katrina	SRJ (JSON)	264,883	264,763	265,504
Jena	Write	lod-katrina	SRX (XML)	409,695	401,598	412,258
Jena	Write	lod-katrina	TSV	6,816,218	6,785,333	6,839,986
Jena	Write	lod-katrina	Thrift	7,338,929	7,290,670	7,374,466
Jena	Write	muziekweb	Jelly	36,758,832	36,685,862	36,836,719
Jena	Write	muziekweb	Protobuf	11,073,004	11,042,875	11,103,542
Jena	Write	muziekweb	SRJ (JSON)	299,703	298,339	300,811
Jena	Write	muziekweb	SRX (XML)	453,164	445,949	453,643
Jena	Write	muziekweb	TSV	7,456,208	7,437,658	7,459,656
Jena	Write	muziekweb	Thrift	7,036,275	7,013,435	7,056,161
Jena	Write	nanopubs	Jelly	56,521,595	55,328,987	56,765,972
Jena	Write	nanopubs	Protobuf	11,049,146	10,936,297	11,242,479
Jena	Write	nanopubs	SRJ (JSON)	243,062	240,572	244,528
Jena	Write	nanopubs	SRX (XML)	387,531	382,394	387,563
Jena	Write	nanopubs	TSV	6,338,965	6,318,588	6,341,955
Jena	Write	nanopubs	Thrift	7,539,220	7,528,501	7,556,887
Jena	Write	officegraph	Jelly	51,101,568	50,662,034	51,183,901
Jena	Write	officegraph	Protobuf	11,629,640	11,511,199	11,809,578
Jena	Write	officegraph	SRJ (JSON)	282,344	279,245	283,089
Jena	Write	officegraph	SRX (XML)	439,543	437,427	441,740
Jena	Write	officegraph	TSV	7,604,321	7,588,469	7,626,484
Jena	Write	officegraph	Thrift	7,080,988	7,076,838	7,126,599
Jena	Write	openaire-lod	Jelly	34,983,118	34,688,765	35,463,401
Jena	Write	openaire-lod	Protobuf	10,417,949	10,292,511	10,430,898
Jena	Write	openaire-lod	SRJ (JSON)	276,681	276,405	277,719
Jena	Write	openaire-lod	SRX (XML)	417,270	417,263	428,522
Jena	Write	openaire-lod	TSV	7,160,903	7,159,194	7,165,335
Jena	Write	openaire-lod	Thrift	7,159,309	7,155,267	7,197,115
Jena	Write	osm2rdf-denmark	Jelly	42,289,286	41,651,374	42,462,249
Jena	Write	osm2rdf-denmark	Protobuf	10,656,368	10,556,394	10,680,754
Jena	Write	osm2rdf-denmark	SRJ (JSON)	302,406	295,925	303,645
Jena	Write	osm2rdf-denmark	SRX (XML)	464,602	462,197	468,196
Jena	Write	osm2rdf-denmark	TSV	8,861,898	8,858,620	8,881,698
Jena	Write	osm2rdf-denmark	Thrift	7,079,358	7,029,980	7,116,877
RDF4J	Write	assist-iot-weather	Binary	13,325,256	13,182,706	13,356,793
RDF4J	Write	assist-iot-weather	Jelly	44,893,351	43,482,824	44,945,632
RDF4J	Write	assist-iot-weather	SRJ (JSON)	7,345,935	7,341,886	7,365,967
RDF4J	Write	assist-iot-weather	SRX (XML)	1,306,404	1,302,982	1,321,027
RDF4J	Write	assist-iot-weather	TSV	18,311,425	18,296,925	18,438,456
RDF4J	Write	assist-iot-weather-graphs	Binary	15,795,293	15,647,150	16,021,093
RDF4J	Write	assist-iot-weather-graphs	Jelly	51,568,049	51,414,529	51,829,781
RDF4J	Write	assist-iot-weather-graphs	SRJ (JSON)	7,612,665	7,576,513	7,772,028
RDF4J	Write	assist-iot-weather-graphs	SRX (XML)	1,358,746	1,356,188	1,372,934
RDF4J	Write	assist-iot-weather-graphs	TSV	18,673,863	18,519,522	18,923,559
RDF4J	Write	citypulse-traffic	Binary	13,473,849	13,466,732	13,486,842
RDF4J	Write	citypulse-traffic	Jelly	37,817,199	37,765,890	38,113,659
RDF4J	Write	citypulse-traffic	SRJ (JSON)	6,975,584	6,910,700	6,997,972
RDF4J	Write	citypulse-traffic	SRX (XML)	1,296,359	1,294,554	1,310,040
RDF4J	Write	citypulse-traffic	TSV	17,069,008	17,028,583	17,094,032
RDF4J	Write	citypulse-traffic-graphs	Binary	15,731,157	15,664,139	15,777,878
RDF4J	Write	citypulse-traffic-graphs	Jelly	41,687,755	41,569,330	42,394,776
RDF4J	Write	citypulse-traffic-graphs	SRJ (JSON)	7,127,503	6,929,788	7,143,338
RDF4J	Write	citypulse-traffic-graphs	SRX (XML)	1,365,269	1,363,827	1,377,802
RDF4J	Write	citypulse-traffic-graphs	TSV	17,547,737	17,533,092	17,696,355
RDF4J	Write	dbpedia-live	Binary	10,561,784	10,485,534	10,859,010
RDF4J	Write	dbpedia-live	Jelly	22,408,310	22,025,175	22,687,311
RDF4J	Write	dbpedia-live	SRJ (JSON)	7,112,769	7,102,846	7,143,044
RDF4J	Write	dbpedia-live	SRX (XML)	1,257,013	1,250,983	1,263,297
RDF4J	Write	dbpedia-live	TSV	14,655,995	14,625,655	14,895,843	†
RDF4J	Write	digital-agenda-indicators	Binary	12,987,372	12,946,122	13,538,567
RDF4J	Write	digital-agenda-indicators	Jelly	44,955,500	44,045,539	45,260,126
RDF4J	Write	digital-agenda-indicators	SRJ (JSON)	6,950,285	6,914,561	6,961,644
RDF4J	Write	digital-agenda-indicators	SRX (XML)	1,318,954	1,303,166	1,334,997
RDF4J	Write	digital-agenda-indicators	TSV	19,029,397	18,889,999	19,130,697	†
RDF4J	Write	linked-spending	Binary	11,912,248	11,559,047	12,123,652
RDF4J	Write	linked-spending	Jelly	38,572,802	36,361,833	38,661,105
RDF4J	Write	linked-spending	SRJ (JSON)	6,304,788	6,270,933	6,372,121
RDF4J	Write	linked-spending	SRX (XML)	1,290,919	1,280,770	1,301,576
RDF4J	Write	linked-spending	TSV	14,214,479	14,120,100	14,222,941
RDF4J	Write	lod-katrina	Binary	12,797,043	12,751,407	12,854,922
RDF4J	Write	lod-katrina	Jelly	36,480,123	36,298,128	36,584,004
RDF4J	Write	lod-katrina	SRJ (JSON)	7,160,788	7,130,641	7,203,667
RDF4J	Write	lod-katrina	SRX (XML)	1,308,645	1,306,292	1,317,055
RDF4J	Write	lod-katrina	TSV	18,773,349	18,546,883	19,111,535
RDF4J	Write	muziekweb	Binary	10,890,497	10,401,432	11,413,469
RDF4J	Write	muziekweb	Jelly	27,200,163	27,130,489	28,308,380
RDF4J	Write	muziekweb	SRJ (JSON)	6,134,742	6,123,606	6,150,874
RDF4J	Write	muziekweb	SRX (XML)	1,298,112	1,269,991	1,306,938
RDF4J	Write	muziekweb	TSV	12,253,662	12,207,821	12,288,939
RDF4J	Write	nanopubs	Binary	15,080,988	14,937,552	15,451,330
RDF4J	Write	nanopubs	Jelly	37,625,089	37,424,244	42,110,856	§
RDF4J	Write	nanopubs	SRJ (JSON)	7,139,706	7,057,936	7,192,193
RDF4J	Write	nanopubs	SRX (XML)	1,376,278	1,362,338	1,397,389
RDF4J	Write	nanopubs	TSV	18,065,627	17,793,354	18,072,309
RDF4J	Write	officegraph	Binary	13,086,293	12,873,708	13,156,609
RDF4J	Write	officegraph	Jelly	38,728,591	38,023,031	38,763,480
RDF4J	Write	officegraph	SRJ (JSON)	7,469,523	7,456,919	7,475,816
RDF4J	Write	officegraph	SRX (XML)	1,296,973	1,293,247	1,297,303
RDF4J	Write	officegraph	TSV	17,476,916	17,354,046	17,602,434
RDF4J	Write	openaire-lod	Binary	10,972,485	10,941,486	10,972,636
RDF4J	Write	openaire-lod	Jelly	28,683,010	28,594,302	28,760,424
RDF4J	Write	openaire-lod	SRJ (JSON)	7,096,183	7,084,404	7,103,866
RDF4J	Write	openaire-lod	SRX (XML)	1,290,878	1,273,835	1,292,084
RDF4J	Write	openaire-lod	TSV	13,660,263	13,560,414	13,703,313
RDF4J	Write	osm2rdf-denmark	Binary	14,443,269	14,441,601	14,587,766
RDF4J	Write	osm2rdf-denmark	Jelly	32,173,483	31,353,492	32,446,537
RDF4J	Write	osm2rdf-denmark	SRJ (JSON)	7,567,542	7,494,573	7,572,749
RDF4J	Write	osm2rdf-denmark	SRX (XML)	1,306,248	1,303,681	1,306,626
RDF4J	Write	osm2rdf-denmark	TSV	16,238,198	16,229,640	16,460,921	†
Jena	Read	assist-iot-weather	Jelly	116,113,600	116,020,238	120,322,526
Jena	Read	assist-iot-weather	Protobuf	5,730,839	5,716,126	6,018,416
Jena	Read	assist-iot-weather	SRJ (JSON)	5,605,392	5,603,435	5,717,432
Jena	Read	assist-iot-weather	SRX (XML)	2,802,397	2,799,999	2,808,462
Jena	Read	assist-iot-weather	TSV	4,438,409	4,417,074	4,528,765
Jena	Read	assist-iot-weather	Thrift	5,641,586	5,527,326	5,685,500
Jena	Read	assist-iot-weather-graphs	Jelly	139,279,345	135,338,658	141,583,817
Jena	Read	assist-iot-weather-graphs	Protobuf	6,982,672	6,810,870	7,051,090
Jena	Read	assist-iot-weather-graphs	SRJ (JSON)	6,206,007	6,200,767	6,257,233
Jena	Read	assist-iot-weather-graphs	SRX (XML)	2,898,227	2,878,971	2,908,510
Jena	Read	assist-iot-weather-graphs	TSV	4,767,016	4,731,023	4,767,909
Jena	Read	assist-iot-weather-graphs	Thrift	5,684,636	5,671,999	5,739,212
Jena	Read	citypulse-traffic	Jelly	102,739,552	96,612,614	102,999,313
Jena	Read	citypulse-traffic	Protobuf	5,875,995	5,793,845	5,930,232
Jena	Read	citypulse-traffic	SRJ (JSON)	5,471,133	5,464,484	5,510,145
Jena	Read	citypulse-traffic	SRX (XML)	2,763,318	2,758,329	2,773,061
Jena	Read	citypulse-traffic	TSV	3,761,637	3,616,521	3,773,459
Jena	Read	citypulse-traffic	Thrift	5,455,760	5,442,551	5,473,650
Jena	Read	citypulse-traffic-graphs	Jelly	113,297,020	113,104,892	113,837,881
Jena	Read	citypulse-traffic-graphs	Protobuf	6,440,843	6,427,242	6,481,464
Jena	Read	citypulse-traffic-graphs	SRJ (JSON)	5,854,858	5,809,199	5,896,525
Jena	Read	citypulse-traffic-graphs	SRX (XML)	2,808,605	2,796,442	2,812,459
Jena	Read	citypulse-traffic-graphs	TSV	3,776,772	3,772,629	3,805,331
Jena	Read	citypulse-traffic-graphs	Thrift	5,600,144	5,581,518	5,603,187
Jena	Read	dbpedia-live	Jelly	49,580,418	49,209,197	49,754,651
Jena	Read	dbpedia-live	Protobuf	5,402,364	5,320,512	5,458,900
Jena	Read	dbpedia-live	SRJ (JSON)	5,114,338	5,089,629	5,129,420
Jena	Read	dbpedia-live	SRX (XML)	2,329,510	2,322,899	2,335,672
Jena	Read	dbpedia-live	TSV	3,305,690	3,298,262	3,346,639
Jena	Read	dbpedia-live	Thrift	5,055,716	5,038,505	5,056,349
Jena	Read	digital-agenda-indicators	Jelly	139,444,984	139,142,799	140,230,133
Jena	Read	digital-agenda-indicators	Protobuf	6,110,005	5,695,322	6,125,077
Jena	Read	digital-agenda-indicators	SRJ (JSON)	5,442,975	5,432,867	5,480,585
Jena	Read	digital-agenda-indicators	SRX (XML)	2,740,540	2,722,223	2,748,900
Jena	Read	digital-agenda-indicators	TSV	3,738,650	3,710,756	3,759,478
Jena	Read	digital-agenda-indicators	Thrift	5,526,387	5,511,020	5,551,602
Jena	Read	linked-spending	Jelly	77,561,691	77,441,324	77,634,794
Jena	Read	linked-spending	Protobuf	5,567,055	5,547,559	5,692,092
Jena	Read	linked-spending	SRJ (JSON)	5,044,070	5,043,314	5,073,286
Jena	Read	linked-spending	SRX (XML)	2,329,777	2,312,178	2,334,970
Jena	Read	linked-spending	TSV	3,478,342	3,454,024	3,480,440
Jena	Read	linked-spending	Thrift	5,433,833	5,422,443	5,460,972
Jena	Read	lod-katrina	Jelly	113,415,695	113,403,046	116,662,348
Jena	Read	lod-katrina	Protobuf	6,038,455	6,025,050	6,054,472
Jena	Read	lod-katrina	SRJ (JSON)	5,663,996	5,659,449	5,683,057
Jena	Read	lod-katrina	SRX (XML)	2,794,766	2,782,387	2,809,986
Jena	Read	lod-katrina	TSV	4,226,710	4,159,696	4,268,819
Jena	Read	lod-katrina	Thrift	5,631,808	5,533,133	5,726,061
Jena	Read	muziekweb	Jelly	52,145,665	51,085,377	52,198,478
Jena	Read	muziekweb	Protobuf	5,385,549	5,239,812	5,504,434
Jena	Read	muziekweb	SRJ (JSON)	5,202,033	5,184,836	5,227,749
Jena	Read	muziekweb	SRX (XML)	2,352,510	2,345,068	2,363,500
Jena	Read	muziekweb	TSV	3,476,689	2,954,238	3,543,239	§
Jena	Read	muziekweb	Thrift	5,311,628	5,296,206	5,356,634
Jena	Read	nanopubs	Jelly	118,403,567	118,013,727	118,509,246
Jena	Read	nanopubs	Protobuf	6,126,877	5,995,864	6,785,770	§
Jena	Read	nanopubs	SRJ (JSON)	5,749,770	5,729,085	5,796,884
Jena	Read	nanopubs	SRX (XML)	2,711,463	2,694,297	2,730,881
Jena	Read	nanopubs	TSV	3,845,428	3,836,473	3,876,038
Jena	Read	nanopubs	Thrift	5,669,004	5,667,341	5,695,471
Jena	Read	officegraph	Jelly	90,110,908	89,298,539	90,417,386
Jena	Read	officegraph	Protobuf	5,730,880	5,689,416	5,781,015
Jena	Read	officegraph	SRJ (JSON)	5,511,171	5,492,216	5,525,059
Jena	Read	officegraph	SRX (XML)	2,773,509	2,765,758	2,778,351
Jena	Read	officegraph	TSV	4,708,184	4,703,410	4,708,687
Jena	Read	officegraph	Thrift	5,472,937	5,403,766	5,490,301
Jena	Read	openaire-lod	Jelly	51,764,198	51,612,828	52,156,079
Jena	Read	openaire-lod	Protobuf	5,588,381	5,276,448	5,604,121
Jena	Read	openaire-lod	SRJ (JSON)	5,335,746	5,299,095	5,360,403
Jena	Read	openaire-lod	SRX (XML)	2,413,888	2,407,164	2,433,153
Jena	Read	openaire-lod	TSV	2,922,292	2,912,837	2,940,947
Jena	Read	openaire-lod	Thrift	5,544,106	5,530,386	5,609,542
Jena	Read	osm2rdf-denmark	Jelly	79,981,023	79,684,337	80,143,122
Jena	Read	osm2rdf-denmark	Protobuf	5,589,536	5,585,619	5,604,906
Jena	Read	osm2rdf-denmark	SRJ (JSON)	5,813,280	5,808,554	5,872,539
Jena	Read	osm2rdf-denmark	SRX (XML)	2,458,095	2,456,345	2,459,464
Jena	Read	osm2rdf-denmark	TSV	4,723,886	3,509,562	4,740,738	§
Jena	Read	osm2rdf-denmark	Thrift	5,477,273	5,475,920	5,479,263
RDF4J	Read	assist-iot-weather	Binary	25,396,110	25,060,608	27,462,892
RDF4J	Read	assist-iot-weather	Jelly	105,374,008	103,971,310	107,102,406
RDF4J	Read	assist-iot-weather	SRJ (JSON)	5,883,795	5,830,261	5,947,042
RDF4J	Read	assist-iot-weather	SRX (XML)	2,713,407	2,692,395	2,825,251
RDF4J	Read	assist-iot-weather	TSV	3,796,064	3,719,715	3,815,031	‡
RDF4J	Read	assist-iot-weather-graphs	Binary	32,700,979	31,203,285	32,913,997
RDF4J	Read	assist-iot-weather-graphs	Jelly	116,655,101	115,568,397	117,877,236
RDF4J	Read	assist-iot-weather-graphs	SRJ (JSON)	6,164,246	6,161,779	6,215,085
RDF4J	Read	assist-iot-weather-graphs	SRX (XML)	2,782,770	2,779,325	2,915,850
RDF4J	Read	assist-iot-weather-graphs	TSV	4,977,366	4,865,069	4,990,882	‡
RDF4J	Read	citypulse-traffic	Binary	25,320,527	25,032,430	25,392,192
RDF4J	Read	citypulse-traffic	Jelly	85,637,431	85,037,630	92,415,735
RDF4J	Read	citypulse-traffic	SRJ (JSON)	5,613,624	5,597,085	5,668,533
RDF4J	Read	citypulse-traffic	SRX (XML)	2,738,882	2,589,681	2,768,273
RDF4J	Read	citypulse-traffic	TSV	3,720,164	3,697,544	3,756,008	‡
RDF4J	Read	citypulse-traffic-graphs	Binary	32,319,543	31,636,875	32,381,413
RDF4J	Read	citypulse-traffic-graphs	Jelly	95,553,697	95,327,263	95,890,083
RDF4J	Read	citypulse-traffic-graphs	SRJ (JSON)	5,690,078	5,689,485	5,733,594
RDF4J	Read	citypulse-traffic-graphs	SRX (XML)	2,827,875	2,683,803	2,846,875
RDF4J	Read	citypulse-traffic-graphs	TSV	4,732,930	4,667,887	4,739,296	‡
RDF4J	Read	dbpedia-live	Binary	19,344,040	19,340,140	20,173,874
RDF4J	Read	dbpedia-live	Jelly	52,628,347	52,614,708	52,814,049
RDF4J	Read	dbpedia-live	SRJ (JSON)	5,888,314	5,878,473	5,925,608
RDF4J	Read	dbpedia-live	SRX (XML)	2,346,676	2,340,221	2,355,208
RDF4J	Read	dbpedia-live	TSV	3,455,094	3,305,467	3,468,805	†‡
RDF4J	Read	digital-agenda-indicators	Binary	26,384,816	26,356,123	26,456,213
RDF4J	Read	digital-agenda-indicators	Jelly	120,377,719	119,823,928	120,714,877
RDF4J	Read	digital-agenda-indicators	SRJ (JSON)	5,454,873	5,452,270	5,493,201
RDF4J	Read	digital-agenda-indicators	SRX (XML)	2,599,395	2,587,200	2,727,811
RDF4J	Read	digital-agenda-indicators	TSV	3,774,734	3,724,984	3,796,564	†‡
RDF4J	Read	linked-spending	Binary	22,337,631	21,990,702	22,377,853
RDF4J	Read	linked-spending	Jelly	83,235,388	82,901,986	83,439,482
RDF4J	Read	linked-spending	SRJ (JSON)	5,376,671	5,372,677	5,384,790
RDF4J	Read	linked-spending	SRX (XML)	2,392,562	2,379,159	2,405,117
RDF4J	Read	linked-spending	TSV	3,801,663	3,769,845	3,818,926	‡
RDF4J	Read	lod-katrina	Binary	25,278,134	25,047,680	27,098,322
RDF4J	Read	lod-katrina	Jelly	99,189,115	99,014,888	99,340,465
RDF4J	Read	lod-katrina	SRJ (JSON)	5,796,046	5,745,494	5,833,793
RDF4J	Read	lod-katrina	SRX (XML)	2,805,183	2,668,233	2,835,661
RDF4J	Read	lod-katrina	TSV	3,829,423	3,802,658	3,837,564	‡
RDF4J	Read	muziekweb	Binary	21,165,009	21,129,723	21,299,578
RDF4J	Read	muziekweb	Jelly	62,005,604	61,815,136	62,219,224
RDF4J	Read	muziekweb	SRJ (JSON)	5,215,995	5,195,013	5,233,525
RDF4J	Read	muziekweb	SRX (XML)	2,409,234	2,381,166	2,419,340
RDF4J	Read	muziekweb	TSV	3,647,192	3,642,771	3,738,759	‡
RDF4J	Read	nanopubs	Binary	30,992,044	30,888,520	31,105,018
RDF4J	Read	nanopubs	Jelly	104,685,498	104,175,003	105,050,671
RDF4J	Read	nanopubs	SRJ (JSON)	5,880,308	5,830,666	5,907,960
RDF4J	Read	nanopubs	SRX (XML)	2,827,484	2,812,856	2,843,434
RDF4J	Read	nanopubs	TSV	4,573,787	4,528,160	4,631,608	‡
RDF4J	Read	officegraph	Binary	23,622,824	23,310,291	23,640,106
RDF4J	Read	officegraph	Jelly	89,389,594	89,257,945	89,458,716
RDF4J	Read	officegraph	SRJ (JSON)	6,013,289	5,887,784	6,030,646
RDF4J	Read	officegraph	SRX (XML)	2,779,154	2,697,662	2,807,067
RDF4J	Read	officegraph	TSV	3,741,444	3,735,695	3,746,691	‡
RDF4J	Read	openaire-lod	Binary	20,774,522	20,735,190	21,034,479
RDF4J	Read	openaire-lod	Jelly	62,227,275	62,088,740	62,272,412
RDF4J	Read	openaire-lod	SRJ (JSON)	6,103,342	6,021,429	6,249,038
RDF4J	Read	openaire-lod	SRX (XML)	2,428,711	2,428,208	2,440,103
RDF4J	Read	openaire-lod	TSV	3,781,939	3,761,323	3,792,134	‡
RDF4J	Read	osm2rdf-denmark	Binary	26,317,009	26,120,500	26,457,884
RDF4J	Read	osm2rdf-denmark	Jelly	77,722,227	77,004,151	78,347,413
RDF4J	Read	osm2rdf-denmark	SRJ (JSON)	6,276,893	6,252,968	6,308,715
RDF4J	Read	osm2rdf-denmark	SRX (XML)	2,565,098	2,524,465	2,580,818
RDF4J	Read	osm2rdf-denmark	TSV	3,648,239	3,613,964	3,668,237	†‡

Throughput on each dataset (dots) and the geometric mean over 10 datasets (bar). Log scale. Hollow dots: not lossless, left out of the mean.

• † not lossless on this dataset; left out of averages
• ‡ RDF4J's TSV parser runs on a thread pool, so this uses more than one core
• § the 3 sweeps differ by more than 10%

Data behind this chart

Library	Operation	Format	Dataset	Throughput (cells/s, median)	Notes
Jena	Write	Jelly	assist-iot-weather	61,558,463
Jena	Write	Jelly	assist-iot-weather-graphs	88,078,294
Jena	Write	Jelly	citypulse-traffic	52,679,796
Jena	Write	Jelly	citypulse-traffic-graphs	59,687,057	§
Jena	Write	Jelly	dbpedia-live	24,886,127
Jena	Write	Jelly	digital-agenda-indicators	72,332,051
Jena	Write	Jelly	linked-spending	48,818,807
Jena	Write	Jelly	lod-katrina	48,756,548
Jena	Write	Jelly	muziekweb	36,758,832
Jena	Write	Jelly	nanopubs	56,521,595
Jena	Write	Jelly	officegraph	51,101,568
Jena	Write	Jelly	openaire-lod	34,983,118
Jena	Write	Jelly	osm2rdf-denmark	42,289,286
Jena	Write	Protobuf	assist-iot-weather	11,523,023
Jena	Write	Protobuf	assist-iot-weather-graphs	11,802,522
Jena	Write	Protobuf	citypulse-traffic	10,523,815	§
Jena	Write	Protobuf	citypulse-traffic-graphs	10,623,585
Jena	Write	Protobuf	dbpedia-live	10,217,754
Jena	Write	Protobuf	digital-agenda-indicators	10,711,662
Jena	Write	Protobuf	linked-spending	9,408,292
Jena	Write	Protobuf	lod-katrina	10,830,379
Jena	Write	Protobuf	muziekweb	11,073,004
Jena	Write	Protobuf	nanopubs	11,049,146
Jena	Write	Protobuf	officegraph	11,629,640
Jena	Write	Protobuf	openaire-lod	10,417,949
Jena	Write	Protobuf	osm2rdf-denmark	10,656,368
Jena	Write	SRJ (JSON)	assist-iot-weather	274,876
Jena	Write	SRJ (JSON)	assist-iot-weather-graphs	285,396
Jena	Write	SRJ (JSON)	citypulse-traffic	243,055
Jena	Write	SRJ (JSON)	citypulse-traffic-graphs	241,616
Jena	Write	SRJ (JSON)	dbpedia-live	295,133
Jena	Write	SRJ (JSON)	digital-agenda-indicators	232,680
Jena	Write	SRJ (JSON)	linked-spending	246,310
Jena	Write	SRJ (JSON)	lod-katrina	264,883
Jena	Write	SRJ (JSON)	muziekweb	299,703
Jena	Write	SRJ (JSON)	nanopubs	243,062
Jena	Write	SRJ (JSON)	officegraph	282,344
Jena	Write	SRJ (JSON)	openaire-lod	276,681
Jena	Write	SRJ (JSON)	osm2rdf-denmark	302,406
Jena	Write	SRX (XML)	assist-iot-weather	430,325
Jena	Write	SRX (XML)	assist-iot-weather-graphs	452,260
Jena	Write	SRX (XML)	citypulse-traffic	381,411
Jena	Write	SRX (XML)	citypulse-traffic-graphs	379,967
Jena	Write	SRX (XML)	dbpedia-live	456,854
Jena	Write	SRX (XML)	digital-agenda-indicators	373,661
Jena	Write	SRX (XML)	linked-spending	386,766
Jena	Write	SRX (XML)	lod-katrina	409,695
Jena	Write	SRX (XML)	muziekweb	453,164
Jena	Write	SRX (XML)	nanopubs	387,531
Jena	Write	SRX (XML)	officegraph	439,543
Jena	Write	SRX (XML)	openaire-lod	417,270
Jena	Write	SRX (XML)	osm2rdf-denmark	464,602
Jena	Write	TSV	assist-iot-weather	7,228,102
Jena	Write	TSV	assist-iot-weather-graphs	7,741,210
Jena	Write	TSV	citypulse-traffic	6,612,624
Jena	Write	TSV	citypulse-traffic-graphs	6,187,203
Jena	Write	TSV	dbpedia-live	8,678,187
Jena	Write	TSV	digital-agenda-indicators	5,842,948
Jena	Write	TSV	linked-spending	5,761,386
Jena	Write	TSV	lod-katrina	6,816,218
Jena	Write	TSV	muziekweb	7,456,208
Jena	Write	TSV	nanopubs	6,338,965
Jena	Write	TSV	officegraph	7,604,321
Jena	Write	TSV	openaire-lod	7,160,903
Jena	Write	TSV	osm2rdf-denmark	8,861,898
Jena	Write	Thrift	assist-iot-weather	7,220,473
Jena	Write	Thrift	assist-iot-weather-graphs	7,521,851
Jena	Write	Thrift	citypulse-traffic	7,189,206
Jena	Write	Thrift	citypulse-traffic-graphs	7,446,069
Jena	Write	Thrift	dbpedia-live	6,796,198
Jena	Write	Thrift	digital-agenda-indicators	7,306,576
Jena	Write	Thrift	linked-spending	7,175,932
Jena	Write	Thrift	lod-katrina	7,338,929
Jena	Write	Thrift	muziekweb	7,036,275
Jena	Write	Thrift	nanopubs	7,539,220
Jena	Write	Thrift	officegraph	7,080,988
Jena	Write	Thrift	openaire-lod	7,159,309
Jena	Write	Thrift	osm2rdf-denmark	7,079,358
RDF4J	Write	Binary	assist-iot-weather	13,325,256
RDF4J	Write	Binary	assist-iot-weather-graphs	15,795,293
RDF4J	Write	Binary	citypulse-traffic	13,473,849
RDF4J	Write	Binary	citypulse-traffic-graphs	15,731,157
RDF4J	Write	Binary	dbpedia-live	10,561,784
RDF4J	Write	Binary	digital-agenda-indicators	12,987,372
RDF4J	Write	Binary	linked-spending	11,912,248
RDF4J	Write	Binary	lod-katrina	12,797,043
RDF4J	Write	Binary	muziekweb	10,890,497
RDF4J	Write	Binary	nanopubs	15,080,988
RDF4J	Write	Binary	officegraph	13,086,293
RDF4J	Write	Binary	openaire-lod	10,972,485
RDF4J	Write	Binary	osm2rdf-denmark	14,443,269
RDF4J	Write	Jelly	assist-iot-weather	44,893,351
RDF4J	Write	Jelly	assist-iot-weather-graphs	51,568,049
RDF4J	Write	Jelly	citypulse-traffic	37,817,199
RDF4J	Write	Jelly	citypulse-traffic-graphs	41,687,755
RDF4J	Write	Jelly	dbpedia-live	22,408,310
RDF4J	Write	Jelly	digital-agenda-indicators	44,955,500
RDF4J	Write	Jelly	linked-spending	38,572,802
RDF4J	Write	Jelly	lod-katrina	36,480,123
RDF4J	Write	Jelly	muziekweb	27,200,163
RDF4J	Write	Jelly	nanopubs	37,625,089	§
RDF4J	Write	Jelly	officegraph	38,728,591
RDF4J	Write	Jelly	openaire-lod	28,683,010
RDF4J	Write	Jelly	osm2rdf-denmark	32,173,483
RDF4J	Write	SRJ (JSON)	assist-iot-weather	7,345,935
RDF4J	Write	SRJ (JSON)	assist-iot-weather-graphs	7,612,665
RDF4J	Write	SRJ (JSON)	citypulse-traffic	6,975,584
RDF4J	Write	SRJ (JSON)	citypulse-traffic-graphs	7,127,503
RDF4J	Write	SRJ (JSON)	dbpedia-live	7,112,769
RDF4J	Write	SRJ (JSON)	digital-agenda-indicators	6,950,285
RDF4J	Write	SRJ (JSON)	linked-spending	6,304,788
RDF4J	Write	SRJ (JSON)	lod-katrina	7,160,788
RDF4J	Write	SRJ (JSON)	muziekweb	6,134,742
RDF4J	Write	SRJ (JSON)	nanopubs	7,139,706
RDF4J	Write	SRJ (JSON)	officegraph	7,469,523
RDF4J	Write	SRJ (JSON)	openaire-lod	7,096,183
RDF4J	Write	SRJ (JSON)	osm2rdf-denmark	7,567,542
RDF4J	Write	SRX (XML)	assist-iot-weather	1,306,404
RDF4J	Write	SRX (XML)	assist-iot-weather-graphs	1,358,746
RDF4J	Write	SRX (XML)	citypulse-traffic	1,296,359
RDF4J	Write	SRX (XML)	citypulse-traffic-graphs	1,365,269
RDF4J	Write	SRX (XML)	dbpedia-live	1,257,013
RDF4J	Write	SRX (XML)	digital-agenda-indicators	1,318,954
RDF4J	Write	SRX (XML)	linked-spending	1,290,919
RDF4J	Write	SRX (XML)	lod-katrina	1,308,645
RDF4J	Write	SRX (XML)	muziekweb	1,298,112
RDF4J	Write	SRX (XML)	nanopubs	1,376,278
RDF4J	Write	SRX (XML)	officegraph	1,296,973
RDF4J	Write	SRX (XML)	openaire-lod	1,290,878
RDF4J	Write	SRX (XML)	osm2rdf-denmark	1,306,248
RDF4J	Write	TSV	assist-iot-weather	18,311,425
RDF4J	Write	TSV	assist-iot-weather-graphs	18,673,863
RDF4J	Write	TSV	citypulse-traffic	17,069,008
RDF4J	Write	TSV	citypulse-traffic-graphs	17,547,737
RDF4J	Write	TSV	dbpedia-live	14,655,995	†
RDF4J	Write	TSV	digital-agenda-indicators	19,029,397	†
RDF4J	Write	TSV	linked-spending	14,214,479
RDF4J	Write	TSV	lod-katrina	18,773,349
RDF4J	Write	TSV	muziekweb	12,253,662
RDF4J	Write	TSV	nanopubs	18,065,627
RDF4J	Write	TSV	officegraph	17,476,916
RDF4J	Write	TSV	openaire-lod	13,660,263
RDF4J	Write	TSV	osm2rdf-denmark	16,238,198	†
Jena	Read	Jelly	assist-iot-weather	116,113,600
Jena	Read	Jelly	assist-iot-weather-graphs	139,279,345
Jena	Read	Jelly	citypulse-traffic	102,739,552
Jena	Read	Jelly	citypulse-traffic-graphs	113,297,020
Jena	Read	Jelly	dbpedia-live	49,580,418
Jena	Read	Jelly	digital-agenda-indicators	139,444,984
Jena	Read	Jelly	linked-spending	77,561,691
Jena	Read	Jelly	lod-katrina	113,415,695
Jena	Read	Jelly	muziekweb	52,145,665
Jena	Read	Jelly	nanopubs	118,403,567
Jena	Read	Jelly	officegraph	90,110,908
Jena	Read	Jelly	openaire-lod	51,764,198
Jena	Read	Jelly	osm2rdf-denmark	79,981,023
Jena	Read	Protobuf	assist-iot-weather	5,730,839
Jena	Read	Protobuf	assist-iot-weather-graphs	6,982,672
Jena	Read	Protobuf	citypulse-traffic	5,875,995
Jena	Read	Protobuf	citypulse-traffic-graphs	6,440,843
Jena	Read	Protobuf	dbpedia-live	5,402,364
Jena	Read	Protobuf	digital-agenda-indicators	6,110,005
Jena	Read	Protobuf	linked-spending	5,567,055
Jena	Read	Protobuf	lod-katrina	6,038,455
Jena	Read	Protobuf	muziekweb	5,385,549
Jena	Read	Protobuf	nanopubs	6,126,877	§
Jena	Read	Protobuf	officegraph	5,730,880
Jena	Read	Protobuf	openaire-lod	5,588,381
Jena	Read	Protobuf	osm2rdf-denmark	5,589,536
Jena	Read	SRJ (JSON)	assist-iot-weather	5,605,392
Jena	Read	SRJ (JSON)	assist-iot-weather-graphs	6,206,007
Jena	Read	SRJ (JSON)	citypulse-traffic	5,471,133
Jena	Read	SRJ (JSON)	citypulse-traffic-graphs	5,854,858
Jena	Read	SRJ (JSON)	dbpedia-live	5,114,338
Jena	Read	SRJ (JSON)	digital-agenda-indicators	5,442,975
Jena	Read	SRJ (JSON)	linked-spending	5,044,070
Jena	Read	SRJ (JSON)	lod-katrina	5,663,996
Jena	Read	SRJ (JSON)	muziekweb	5,202,033
Jena	Read	SRJ (JSON)	nanopubs	5,749,770
Jena	Read	SRJ (JSON)	officegraph	5,511,171
Jena	Read	SRJ (JSON)	openaire-lod	5,335,746
Jena	Read	SRJ (JSON)	osm2rdf-denmark	5,813,280
Jena	Read	SRX (XML)	assist-iot-weather	2,802,397
Jena	Read	SRX (XML)	assist-iot-weather-graphs	2,898,227
Jena	Read	SRX (XML)	citypulse-traffic	2,763,318
Jena	Read	SRX (XML)	citypulse-traffic-graphs	2,808,605
Jena	Read	SRX (XML)	dbpedia-live	2,329,510
Jena	Read	SRX (XML)	digital-agenda-indicators	2,740,540
Jena	Read	SRX (XML)	linked-spending	2,329,777
Jena	Read	SRX (XML)	lod-katrina	2,794,766
Jena	Read	SRX (XML)	muziekweb	2,352,510
Jena	Read	SRX (XML)	nanopubs	2,711,463
Jena	Read	SRX (XML)	officegraph	2,773,509
Jena	Read	SRX (XML)	openaire-lod	2,413,888
Jena	Read	SRX (XML)	osm2rdf-denmark	2,458,095
Jena	Read	TSV	assist-iot-weather	4,438,409
Jena	Read	TSV	assist-iot-weather-graphs	4,767,016
Jena	Read	TSV	citypulse-traffic	3,761,637
Jena	Read	TSV	citypulse-traffic-graphs	3,776,772
Jena	Read	TSV	dbpedia-live	3,305,690
Jena	Read	TSV	digital-agenda-indicators	3,738,650
Jena	Read	TSV	linked-spending	3,478,342
Jena	Read	TSV	lod-katrina	4,226,710
Jena	Read	TSV	muziekweb	3,476,689	§
Jena	Read	TSV	nanopubs	3,845,428
Jena	Read	TSV	officegraph	4,708,184
Jena	Read	TSV	openaire-lod	2,922,292
Jena	Read	TSV	osm2rdf-denmark	4,723,886	§
Jena	Read	Thrift	assist-iot-weather	5,641,586
Jena	Read	Thrift	assist-iot-weather-graphs	5,684,636
Jena	Read	Thrift	citypulse-traffic	5,455,760
Jena	Read	Thrift	citypulse-traffic-graphs	5,600,144
Jena	Read	Thrift	dbpedia-live	5,055,716
Jena	Read	Thrift	digital-agenda-indicators	5,526,387
Jena	Read	Thrift	linked-spending	5,433,833
Jena	Read	Thrift	lod-katrina	5,631,808
Jena	Read	Thrift	muziekweb	5,311,628
Jena	Read	Thrift	nanopubs	5,669,004
Jena	Read	Thrift	officegraph	5,472,937
Jena	Read	Thrift	openaire-lod	5,544,106
Jena	Read	Thrift	osm2rdf-denmark	5,477,273
RDF4J	Read	Binary	assist-iot-weather	25,396,110
RDF4J	Read	Binary	assist-iot-weather-graphs	32,700,979
RDF4J	Read	Binary	citypulse-traffic	25,320,527
RDF4J	Read	Binary	citypulse-traffic-graphs	32,319,543
RDF4J	Read	Binary	dbpedia-live	19,344,040
RDF4J	Read	Binary	digital-agenda-indicators	26,384,816
RDF4J	Read	Binary	linked-spending	22,337,631
RDF4J	Read	Binary	lod-katrina	25,278,134
RDF4J	Read	Binary	muziekweb	21,165,009
RDF4J	Read	Binary	nanopubs	30,992,044
RDF4J	Read	Binary	officegraph	23,622,824
RDF4J	Read	Binary	openaire-lod	20,774,522
RDF4J	Read	Binary	osm2rdf-denmark	26,317,009
RDF4J	Read	Jelly	assist-iot-weather	105,374,008
RDF4J	Read	Jelly	assist-iot-weather-graphs	116,655,101
RDF4J	Read	Jelly	citypulse-traffic	85,637,431
RDF4J	Read	Jelly	citypulse-traffic-graphs	95,553,697
RDF4J	Read	Jelly	dbpedia-live	52,628,347
RDF4J	Read	Jelly	digital-agenda-indicators	120,377,719
RDF4J	Read	Jelly	linked-spending	83,235,388
RDF4J	Read	Jelly	lod-katrina	99,189,115
RDF4J	Read	Jelly	muziekweb	62,005,604
RDF4J	Read	Jelly	nanopubs	104,685,498
RDF4J	Read	Jelly	officegraph	89,389,594
RDF4J	Read	Jelly	openaire-lod	62,227,275
RDF4J	Read	Jelly	osm2rdf-denmark	77,722,227
RDF4J	Read	SRJ (JSON)	assist-iot-weather	5,883,795
RDF4J	Read	SRJ (JSON)	assist-iot-weather-graphs	6,164,246
RDF4J	Read	SRJ (JSON)	citypulse-traffic	5,613,624
RDF4J	Read	SRJ (JSON)	citypulse-traffic-graphs	5,690,078
RDF4J	Read	SRJ (JSON)	dbpedia-live	5,888,314
RDF4J	Read	SRJ (JSON)	digital-agenda-indicators	5,454,873
RDF4J	Read	SRJ (JSON)	linked-spending	5,376,671
RDF4J	Read	SRJ (JSON)	lod-katrina	5,796,046
RDF4J	Read	SRJ (JSON)	muziekweb	5,215,995
RDF4J	Read	SRJ (JSON)	nanopubs	5,880,308
RDF4J	Read	SRJ (JSON)	officegraph	6,013,289
RDF4J	Read	SRJ (JSON)	openaire-lod	6,103,342
RDF4J	Read	SRJ (JSON)	osm2rdf-denmark	6,276,893
RDF4J	Read	SRX (XML)	assist-iot-weather	2,713,407
RDF4J	Read	SRX (XML)	assist-iot-weather-graphs	2,782,770
RDF4J	Read	SRX (XML)	citypulse-traffic	2,738,882
RDF4J	Read	SRX (XML)	citypulse-traffic-graphs	2,827,875
RDF4J	Read	SRX (XML)	dbpedia-live	2,346,676
RDF4J	Read	SRX (XML)	digital-agenda-indicators	2,599,395
RDF4J	Read	SRX (XML)	linked-spending	2,392,562
RDF4J	Read	SRX (XML)	lod-katrina	2,805,183
RDF4J	Read	SRX (XML)	muziekweb	2,409,234
RDF4J	Read	SRX (XML)	nanopubs	2,827,484
RDF4J	Read	SRX (XML)	officegraph	2,779,154
RDF4J	Read	SRX (XML)	openaire-lod	2,428,711
RDF4J	Read	SRX (XML)	osm2rdf-denmark	2,565,098
RDF4J	Read	TSV	assist-iot-weather	3,796,064	‡
RDF4J	Read	TSV	assist-iot-weather-graphs	4,977,366	‡
RDF4J	Read	TSV	citypulse-traffic	3,720,164	‡
RDF4J	Read	TSV	citypulse-traffic-graphs	4,732,930	‡
RDF4J	Read	TSV	dbpedia-live	3,455,094	†‡
RDF4J	Read	TSV	digital-agenda-indicators	3,774,734	†‡
RDF4J	Read	TSV	linked-spending	3,801,663	‡
RDF4J	Read	TSV	lod-katrina	3,829,423	‡
RDF4J	Read	TSV	muziekweb	3,647,192	‡
RDF4J	Read	TSV	nanopubs	4,573,787	‡
RDF4J	Read	TSV	officegraph	3,741,444	‡
RDF4J	Read	TSV	openaire-lod	3,781,939	‡
RDF4J	Read	TSV	osm2rdf-denmark	3,648,239	†‡

Serialized size

Serialized size in bytes/row, uncompressed and with zstd, geometric mean over 10 datasets. Log scale.

Data behind this chart

Library	Format	Raw (bytes/row)	zstd
Jena	Jelly	21.2	3.58
Jena	TSV	216.85	8.4
Jena	Thrift	226.33	8.53
Jena	Protobuf	229.33	7.88
Jena	SRJ (JSON)	382.44	8.99
Jena	SRX (XML)	442.53	9.21
RDF4J	Jelly	21.2	3.58
RDF4J	Binary	61.61	4.38
RDF4J	TSV	216.78	8.41
RDF4J	SRX (XML)	405.73	9.06
RDF4J	SRJ (JSON)	477.81	9.36

See also

• Jelly-RDF benchmarks
• Jelly-SPARQL specification
• Benchmark code
• RiverBench benchmark suite
• Jelly-JVM – the Jelly implementation used in the benchmarks